Poem · 593 BC · Mytilene

Fragments of Uncertain Book, with the Epigrams and Dubia

Ἀδήλων βιβλίων ἀποσπάσματα καὶ ἐπιγράμματα

Headnote

This is the gleaning-basket of the corpus: everything the ancient world saved of Sappho without telling us where it belonged. The Alexandrian edition sorted her songs into books by meter; the quoting authors who preserved these lines — Hephaestion hunting metrical examples, Athenaeus collecting dinner-table lore, grammarians chasing an Aeolic genitive, lexicographers after a rare word — rarely bothered to say which book they were tearing the page from. So the fragments of uncertain book contain some of her most famous sentences, saved for the least literary of reasons: Eros the limb-loosener, that sweetbitter creeping thing, survives because Hephaestion liked its meter; the girl who cannot weave for longing survives the same way; and the one-line claim on the future — someone, I say, will remember us — survives because Dio Chrysostom thought it beautifully said. Here too are the dirge for Adonis with its ritual cry, the wedding-feast of the gods where Hermes pours, little Cleis worth more than all Lydia, the rivals Gorgo and Andromeda and the house of Polyanax, the full moon and the women around the altar. After them, in honesty’s order: the two-word vow that is all we may print of the Artemis poem; three epigrams that travel under her name in the Greek Anthology, elegant Hellenistic dedications and epitaphs that are almost certainly not hers and are part of her surviving corpus anyway, because the ancients curated her that way; the scraps the editors cannot decide between Sappho and Alcaeus; two quotations whose own quoting authors give the game away — Athenaeus doubts the Anacreon stanza in the act of citing it; and finally the single words, reported one at a time by men who cared that she said dawn a particular way. Assembly is the point: most editions print a selection and stop. This gathers the leavings — numbered, sourced, doubts declared — so that the whole of what survives is actually here.

Sweet mother, I cannot work the loom —
slender Aphrodite has broken me with longing for a girl.
Γλύκεια μᾶτερ, οὔ τοι δύναμαι κρέκην τὸν ἴστον,
πόθῳ δάμεισα παῖδος βραδίναν δἰ Ἀφρόδιταν.
Towering, the way the singer of Lesbos towers over those of other lands.
Πέρροχος ὠς ὄτ᾽ ἄοιδος ὀ Λέσβιος ἀλλοδάποισιν.
Come now, divine shell: speak to me — find a voice.
Ἄγε δὴ χέλυ δῖά μοι φωνάεσσα γένοιο.
A napkin, dripping.
Ἠμιτύβιον σταλάσσον.
But I am not one whose temper holds a grudge:
mine is a quiet heart.
Ἄλλά τις οὐκ ἔμμι παλιγκότων
ὄργαν, ἀλλ᾽ ἀβάκην τὰν φρέν᾽ ἔχω.
No — if you are our friend,
win yourself a younger bed:
I will not bear to share a house,
I the elder, with a younger man.
Ἀλλ᾽ ἔων φίλος ἄμμιν [ἄλλο]
λέχος ἄρνυσω νεώτερον,
οὐ γὰρ τλάσομ᾽ ἔγω ξυνοίκην
νεῳ γ᾽ ἔσσα γεραὶτερα.
... a girl, all softness, gathering flowers.
Ἄνθε᾽ ἀμέργουσαν παῖδ᾽ ἄγαν ἀπαλάν.
And you yourself, Calliope...
Ἀυτα δὲ σύ Καλλιόπα.
And the girls in their bloom wove garlands.
Αὐτὰρ ὀραῖαι στεφανηπλόκευν.
May you sleep on the breast of a tender companion.
Δαύοις ἀπάλας ἐτάρας ἐν στήθεσιν.
Hither again, Muses, leaving the golden...
Δεῦρο δηὖτε Μοῖσαι χρύσιον λίποισαι.
Come now, tender Graces and lovely-haired Muses.
Δεῦτέ νυν ἄβραι Χἀριτες, καλλίκομοι τε Μοῖσαι.
Eros the limb-loosener shakes me again —
sweetbitter, impossible to fight, a creature that creeps.
Ἔρος δαὖτέ μ᾽ ὀ λυσιμέλης δόνει
γλυκύπικρον ἀμάχανον ὄρπετον.
Atthis, the thought of me has grown hateful to you,
and you fly off to Andromeda.
Ἄτθι σοὶ δ᾽ ἔμεθέν μεν ἀπήχθετο
φροντίσδην, ἔπι δ᾽ Ἀνδρομέδαν πότῃ.
I have a beautiful child, her form like golden
flowers: Cleis, my beloved.
I would not take all Lydia for her, nor lovely...
Ἔστι μοι κάλα πάις χρυσίοισιν ἀνθέμοισιν
ἐμφέρην ῎χοισα μόρφαν, Κλῆις ἀγαπάτα,
ἀντὶ τᾶς ἔγω οὐδὲ Λυδίαν παῖσαν οὐδ᾽ ἔρανναν.
Andromeda has a fine exchange for herself.
Sappho, why the many-blessed Aphrodite —?
Ἔχει μὲν Ανδρομέδα κάλαν ἀμοίβαν.
Ψἀπφοι τί τὰν πολύολβον Ἀφρόδιταν;
I spoke in a dream with the Cyprus-born.
Ζὰ δ᾽ ἐλεξάμαν ὄναρ Κυπρογενήᾳ.
Why, Irana, does the swallow, Pandion’s daughter — why me?
Τί με Πανδίονις῎ραννα χελίδων;
The nightingale, spring’s herald, with the voice of longing.
Ἦρος ἄγγελος ἰμερόφωνος ἀήδων.
If you wanted what is noble or beautiful
and your tongue were not stirring up something foul to say,
shame would not have caught your eyes:
you would be speaking, plainly, for the right.
Αἰ δ᾽ ᾐχες ἔσλων ἴμερον ἤ κάλων,
καὶ μή τι ϝείπεν γλῶσσ᾽ ἐκύκα κάκον,
αἴδως κέ σ᾽ οὐ κίχανεν ὄππατ᾽
ἄλλ᾽ ἔλεγες περὶ τῶ δικαίως.
Stand and face me, beloved,...
and unveil the grace that is in your eyes.
Στᾶθι κἄντα φίλος,.....
καὶ τὰν ἔπ᾽ ὄσσοις ἀμπέτασον χάριν.
He is dying, Cytherea — tender Adonis. What are we to do?
Beat your breasts, girls, and tear your dresses.
Κατθνάσκει Κυθέρη᾽, ἄβρος Ἄδωνις, τ κε θεῖμεν,
καττύπτερθε κόραι καὶ κατερείκεσθε χίτωνας.
And there a mixing-bowl of ambrosia stood ready-mixed,
and Hermes took up the jug to pour for the gods;
and then all of them held drinking-cups
and made libation, and prayed every good thing
for the bridegroom.
κῆ δ᾽ ἀμβροσίας μὲν κράτηρ ἐκέκρατο,
Ἐρμᾶς δ᾽ ἔλεν ὄλπιν θέοις οἰνοχόησαι.
κῆνοι δ᾽ ἄρα πάντες καρχήσιά τ᾽ ἦχον
κάλειβον ἀράσαντο δὲ πάμπαν ἔσλα
τῳ γἀμβρῳ.
Leto and Niobe were dear companions — none dearer.
Λάτω καὶ Νιόβα μἀλα μὲν φίλαι ἦσαν ἔταιραι.
And golden chickpeas grew along the banks.
Χρύσεοι δ᾽ ἐρέβινθοι ἐπ᾽ αἰόνων ἐφύοντο.
... having had quite enough of Gorgo.
Μάλα δὴ κεκορημένας Γόργως.
Do not stir the shingle.
Μὴ κίνη χέραδας.
For me, neither the honey nor the bee.
Μήτ᾽ ἔμοι μέλι μήτε μέλισσα.
Someone, I say, will remember us — even in another time.
Μνάσεσθαί τινά φαμι καὶ ὔστερον ἀμμέων.
Wealth without virtue is no harmless neighbor;
[but the blending of both holds the summit of happiness.]
Ὀ πλοῦτος ἄνευ σεῦ γ᾽ ἀρέτα ᾽στ᾽ οὐκ ἀσίνης πάροικος,
[ἠ δ ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων κρᾶσισ εὐδαιμονιας ἔχει το ἄκρον.]
... when, the whole night long, it holds them fast.
Ὄτα πάννυχος ἄσφι κατάγρει.
... and over the eyes, black sleep of night.
Ὀφθάλμοις δὲ μέλαις νύκτος ἄωρος.
... a girl honey-voiced.
Πάρθενον ἀδύφωνον.
The moon was showing at the full,
and the women took their stand around the altar.
Πλήρης μεν ἐφαίνετ᾽ α σελάννα
αἰ δ᾽ ὠς περὶ βῶμον ἐστάθησαν.
A world of joy from me to the daughter of the house of Polyanax.
Πόλλα μοι ταν
Πωλυανάκτιδα παῖδα χᾶιρην.
Far sweeter-singing than a harp, more golden than gold.
Πόλυ πάκτιδος ἀδυμελεστέρα, χρύσω χρυσοτέρα.
When anger goes spreading through the chest,
keep watch on the tongue that barks for nothing.
Σκιδναμένας ἐν στήθεσιν ὄργας
μαψθλάκαν γλῶσσαν πεφυλάχθαι.
——... you, and Eros who serves me.
——Σύ τε κἄμος θεράπων Ἔρος.
She calls the child her own.
Τὸν ϝὸν παῖδα καλει.
To himself he seems, that man...
Φαίνεταί ϝοι κῆνος....
They say that Leda once found an egg
lying covered [under] hyacinth [flowers].
Φαῖσι δή ποτα Λήδαν ὐακινθίνων
[ὐπ᾽ ἀνθέων] πεπυκαδμένον
εὔρην ὤιον.
Far whiter than an egg.
Ὠΐω πόλυ λεγκότερον.
O for Adonis!
Ὤ τὸν Ἄδωνιν.
Fonder of children than Gello.
Γἐλλως παιδοφιλωτέρα.
I shall be a maiden always.
Ἀϊπάρθενος ἔσσομαι.
Children: voiceless though I am, I answer — if anyone asks —
with the unwearying voice set down here at my feet:
to Aethopia, Leto’s daughter, I was dedicated by Arista,
daughter of Hermocleides son of Saonaiadas
your servant, mistress of women. Take joy in her,
be gracious, and give our family glory.
Παῖδεσ, ἄφώνος ἐοῖσα τόδ᾽ ἐννέπω, αἴ τις ἔρηται,
φωνὰν ἀκαμάταν κατθεμένα πρὸ ποδῶν,
Ἀιτοπίᾳ με κόρᾳ Λατοῦς ἀνέθηκεν Ἀρίστα
Ἐρμοκλειδαία τῶ Σαοναϊάδα,
σὰ πρόπολοσ, δέσποινα γυναικῶν, ᾆ σὺ χαρεῖσα
πρόφρων ἁμετέραν εὐκλέϊσον γενεάν.
This is the dust of Timas: dead before her wedding,
she was received into Persephone’s blue-dark chamber;
and when she perished, every girl of her age took new-whetted
iron and laid the lovely hair of her head upon this grave.
Τιμάδος ἄδε κόνις, τὰν δὴ πρὸ γάμοιο θανοῦσαν
λέξατο Φερσεφόνας κυάνεος θάλαμος,
ἄς καὶ ἀποφθιμέμας πᾶσαι νεοθᾶγι σιδάρῳ
ἄλικες ἰμμερτὰν κρᾶτος ἔθεντο κόμαν.
Over Pelagon the fisherman his father Meniscus set
a wicker fish-trap and an oar: memorial of a hard-luck life.
Τῷ γρίππει Πελάγωνι πάτηρ ἐπέθηκε Μένισκος
κύρτον καὶ κώπαν, μνᾶμα κακοζοΐας.
Come — don’t preen yourself over a ring.
Ἄλλ᾽ ὄνμὴ μεγαλύννεο δακτυλίω πέρι.
And delicate, this time, I leapt in a thick wrap.
Ἄβρα δηὖτε παχήᾳ σπόλᾳ ἀλλόμαν.
She trained Hero of Gyara, the long-striding runner.
Ἤρων ἐξεδίδαξ᾽ εκ Γυάρων τὰν τανυσίδρομον.
Cretan women once danced just so, in time, on tender feet
around a lovely altar,
treading the soft fine flower of the grass.
Κρήσσαι νύ ποτ᾽ ὦδ᾽ ἐμμελέως πόδεσσιν
ὠρχεῦντ᾽ ἀπάλοις ἀμφ᾽ ερόεντα βῶμον
πόας τέρεν ἄνθος μάλακον μάτεισαι.
... the gold-shining handmaiden of Aphrodite.
Χρυσοφάη θεράπαιναν Ἀφροδίτας.
Like a child after its mother, I flutter.
Ὤς δὲ παῖς πέδα μάτερα πεπτερύγωμαι.
And Ares says he would drag Hephaestus in by force.
Ὀ δ᾽ Ἄρευς φαῖσί κεν Ἄφαιστον ἄγην βίᾳ.
That hymn, golden-throned Muse, you once sang —
the one out of the fine Teian country
of beautiful women, which the stately
old man sang so sweetly.
Κεῖνον ὦ χρυσόθρονε Μοῦσ᾽, ἔνισπες
ὗμνον ἐκ τᾶς καλλιγύναικος ἐσθλᾶς
Τηιος χώρας ὃν ἀείδε τερπνῶς
πρέσβυς ἀγαυός.
Single words and phrases of hers, reported by the ancients:
weaver of fictions (μυθοπλόκος — her word for Eros, says Maximus of Tyre).
Brightness — the gladdening sheen of things (τὸ γάνος; Aristides).
Daughter of Aphrodite — her name for Peitho, Persuasion (the scholiast on
Hesiod).
The barmos and the sarbitos, names of stringed instruments she played
(Athenaeus).
A fair public hall (καλὸν δημόσιον; Eustathius — the context is lost).
Without malice (ἄκακος; the Lexicon Seguerianum).
Vines trained up on poles (ἀμαμάξυδες) and dawn in her own Aeolic, αὔως
(the Etymologicum Magnum).
A short shift of a dress (βεῦδος; Pollux).
A vanity-bag for trinkets (γρύτη; Phrynichus).
Fordable (ζάβατον; a Paris manuscript).
Danger, in her own ending — κίνδυν (Choeroboscus).
Scythian wood — her name for the yellow dye-wood thapsos (Photius).
And the greeting Philostratus says was hers for her girls:
rose-armed, glancing-eyed, fair-cheeked, honey-voiced.
μυθοπλόκος — Maximus of Tyre (of Eros).
τὸ γάνος — Aristides.
Ἀφροδίτης θυγατέρα — the scholiast on Hesiod (of Peitho).
βάρωμος
βάρμος, σάρβιτος — Athenaeus (names of instruments).
καλὸν δημόσιον — Eustathius.
ἄκακος — the Lexicon Seguerianum.
ἀμαμάξυδες, αὔως — the Etymologicum Magnum.
βεῦδος — Pollux.
γρύτη — Phrynichus.
ζάβατον — a Paris manuscript (ed. Cramer).
κίνδυν (accusative) — Choeroboscus.
ξύλον Σκυθικόν (for θάψος) — Photius.
᾽Ροδοπήχεις καὶ ἐλικώπιδες καὶ καλλιπάρῃοι καὶ μειλιχόφωνοι — Philostratus;
Aristaenetus (μειλιχόφωνοι in a hymeneal song).

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